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Academic writing

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Lecturer: Miguel Lee, NTU Writing Center

Abstract

Structure:

  • Descriptive:
    Purpose/methods/objectiive scope of the work, probably without results.
  • Imformative (Most of journal paper)
    Surrogate for the research paper.
    Imformative abstract formats can be separated Structured / Unstructured.
    • Structured
      Bullet points and defined section, mostly used in medical fields.
    • Unstructured
      • Result-driven: Concentrates on the research findings. (有前瞻性或"革命性"的發現)
      • Research paper Summary-driven:Provides 1~2 sentences synopses of each IMRD sections.

RP-driven

  • Structure
    • Background
      • General truth about the topic
        • current status/definitions (Present tense to state a common fact.)
          refers to , is
        • current problems/gap
          (Present perfact to imply numbers of work)
          has been, litte
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussions

Introduction

Structure

  • Move 1: Establish a territory
    • Step 1:Making a centrality claim
      • Emphasize the importance of researches.
    • Step 2:Making topic generalisations
      • Centrally state the situation, development…
    • Step 3:Reviewing items or previous researches
      • Emphasize how your researches comtribute to the research field.
  • Move 2: Establish a niche

    • Step 1A: Counter-claimming

    • Step 1B: Indicating a Gap (In pre)

  • Occupying a niche

Tense